Catherine died in Rome in 1380 and was buried at the Minerva, the Dominican church behind the Pantheon. Siena, her city, asked for a relic, and her confessor Blessed Raymond of Capua had the head brought to Siena in 1383 in a procession the city still commemorates. The chapel in San Domenico that holds it was built in the fifteenth century and frescoed by Sodoma; the reliquary stands on the altar behind a grille, and the finger is in a small case to the side. The basilica also has the only portrait painted of her in life, by her friend Andrea Vanni.

San Domenico is a short walk from the Campo on the hill facing the cathedral; the chapel is on the right of the nave. Photography of the reliquary is restricted and the chapel is kept for prayer. Her house, the Santuario Casa di Santa Caterina, is a few minutes downhill in the Fontebranda district.

In Rome, her body is in the white marble sarcophagus beneath the high altar of the Minerva, under the blue starred vault; the room where she died was reconstructed in the church's sacristy area. Her feast is April 29. The full list of her relics, including those in other churches, is on where-are-st-catherine-of-sienas-relics.